Hazim Saad Jabbar Al-Maliki; Rana Adnan Fayez Al-jaberi; Abdul Amir H. Kadhum; Ahmed A. Al-Amiery
Abstract
Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder affecting the oral cavity, caused by Streptococcus mutans. Diagnostic tests for periodontal disease involve analysis of biomarkers in ...
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Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder affecting the oral cavity, caused by Streptococcus mutans. Diagnostic tests for periodontal disease involve analysis of biomarkers in saliva, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and arginase (AR) levels. This study aimed to assess salivary enzyme levels and isolate S. mutans, in smoking and non-smoking patients with periodontal disease. A sample between 18 and 60 years old who suffering from Periodontitis due to bacterial infection was involved and divided into three groups: Group A consisted of 25 smokers with periodontitis, Group B included 25 non-smokers with periodontitis, and Group C (control) comprised 25 healthy non-smokers without periodontitis. Saliva samples were collected from each participant and analysed using auto-analyser to measure enzyme levels. S. mutans was identified using biochemical, and polymerase reaction (PCR). Salivary enzyme levels were found higher in Groups A and B compared to the control Group C. LDH levels were 323.21 ± 22.31 UI/L (Group A), 138.02 ± 13.22 UI/L (Group B), and 104.21 ± 12.33 UI/L (Group C). ALP levels were 67.77 ± 5.34 UI/L (Group A), 53.36 ± 4.24 UI/L (Group B), and 21.88 ± 1.79 UI/L (Group C). AR levels were 21.58 ± 1.21 UI/L (Group A), 17.89 ± 1.35 UI/L (Group B), and 15.31 ± 1.45 UI/L (Group C). Approximately 80% of bacterial isolates were cultured on MSB from smokers with periodontal and approximately 60% from non-smokers with periodontal disease identified. S. mutans was in 90% of smokers with periodontal disease and 80% non-smokers with periodontal disease.
